The VCNL4000 is a fully integrated, short-range digital optical sensor manufactured by Vishay Semiconductors. It combines an infrared (IR) emitter, a proximity photodiode, an ambient light sensor, and a 16-bit signal processing IC into a single miniature package. Operating via a standard I2C interface, it provides high-resolution data without complex analog calibration.Key Technical Specifications

Proximity Range: Rated up to 20 cm, though optimal hardware performance sits between 1 mm and 10 cm.
Resolution: 16-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for highly sensitive measurements.
Communication Protocol: I2C bus interface with a fixed 7-bit slave address of 0x13.
IR Emitter Peak Wavelength: 890 nm with modulated pulses to effectively eliminate external DC light noise.
Operating Voltage: Requires 3.3V for logic (VDD) and prefers 5V for the IR LED (IRA) to maximize emitter power.