Pololu 5V 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator (D24V10F5)

The compact (0.5 0.7) Pololu D24V10F5 synchronous buck voltage regulator takes an input voltage of up to 36V and efficiently reduces it to 5V while allowing for a maximum output current of 1A.

This regulator offers typical efficiencies between 85% and 90% and has a very low dropout, so it can be used with input voltages as low as a few hundred millivolts above 5V. The pins have a 0.1 spacing, making this board compatible with standard solderless breadboards and perfboards.

The D24V10Fx family of step-down voltage regulators features the Intersil ISL85410 1A synchronous buck regulator and generates lower output voltages from input voltages as high as 36V. They are switching regulators (also called switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) or DC-to-DC converters) with typical efficiencies between 80% and 95%, which is much more efficient than linear voltage regulators, especially when the difference between the input and output voltage is large.

These regulators have a power-save mode that activates at light loads and a low quiescent (no load) current draw, which makes them well-suited for applications that are run from a battery.

The different versions of this regulator all look very similar, so the bottom silkscreen includes a blank space where you can add your own distinguishing marks or labels.

The SHDN pin can be used to put the board in a low-power state that reduces the quiescent current to approximately 10 A to 20 A per volt on VIN, and a PG (power good) output can be used to monitor the state of the regulators output voltage.

The regulators feature short-circuit/over-current protection, and thermal shutdown helps prevent damage from overheating. The boards do not have reverse-voltage protection.

Warning: During normal operation, this product can get hot enough to burn you. Take care when handling this product or other components connected to it.

Features

• Input voltage: [output voltage + dropout voltage] to 36 V (see below for more information on dropout voltage)
• Fixed 5V output with 4% accuracy
• Maximum output current: 1 A
• Typical efficiency of 80% to 93%
• 500 kHz switching frequency (when not in power-save mode)
• 2 ms soft-start reduces in-rush current on power-up
• 200 A typical no-load quiescent current
• Over-current and short-circuit protection, over-temperature shutoff
• Small size: 18mm 13mm 3.5mm

Specifications

Using the regulator

Connections

The buck regulator has five connections: power good (PG). shutdown (SHDN), input voltage (VIN), ground (GND), and output voltage (VOUT).

The power good indicator, PG, is an open-drain output that drives low when the regulators output voltage falls below 80% or rises above 120% of its target output voltage. This output is also actively held low for the duration of the regulators 2 ms soft-start period and while the regulator is being disabled by the SHDN input or by over-temperature or over-current fault conditions. An external pull-up resistor is generally required to use this pin.

The SHDN pin can be driven low (under 0.4 V) to turn off the output and put the board into a low-power state. There is a 100 k pull-up resistor between the SHDN pin and VIN, so if you want to leave the board permanently enabled, the SHDN pin can be left disconnected. While the SHDN pin is being driven low, the current draw of the regulator is dominated by the current through the pull-up resistor and will be proportional to the input voltage. (At 36 V in it will draw about 360 A.)

The input voltage, VIN, powers the regulator. Voltages between 3 V and 36 V can be applied to VIN, but the effective lower limit of VIN is VOUT plus the regulators dropout voltage, which varies approximately linearly with the load (see below for graphs of dropout voltages as a function of the load). Additionally, please be wary of destructive LC spikes (see below for more information).

The output voltage, VOUT, is fixed and depends on the regulator version: the D24V10F3 version outputs 3.3 V, the D24V10F5 version outputs 5 V, the D24V10F6 version outputs 6 V, the D24V10F9 version outputs 9 V, and the D24V10F12 version outputs 12 V.

The five connections are labelled on the back side of the PCB and are arranged with a 0.1 spacing along the edge of the board for compatibility with solderless breadboards, connectors, and other prototyping arrangements that use a 0.1 grid. You can solder wires directly to the board or solder in either the 51 straight male header strip or the 51 right-angle male header strip that is included.

Typical efficiency and output current

The efficiency of a voltage regulator, defined as (Power out)/(Power in), is an important measure of its performance, especially when battery life or heat are concerns. This family of switching regulators typically has an efficiency of 80% to 93%, though the actual efficiency in a given system depends on input voltage, output voltage, and output current. See the efficiency graph near the bottom of this page for more information.

In order to achieve high efficiency at low loads, this regulator automatically goes into a power-save mode where the switching frequency is reduced. In power-save mode, the switching frequency of the regulator changes as necessary to minimize power loss. This could make it harder to filter out noise on the output caused by switching.

Typical dropout voltage

The dropout voltage of a step-down regulator is the minimum amount by which the input voltage must exceed the regulators target output voltage in order to ensure the target output can be achieved. For example, if a 5V regulator has a 1V dropout voltage, the input must be at least 6V to ensure the output is the full 5V. Generally speaking, the dropout voltage increases as the output current increases.

The graphs below show the typical efficiency and dropout voltage of this 5V D24V10F5 regulator as a function of the output current:

LC voltage spikes

When connecting voltage to electronic circuits, the initial rush of current can cause voltage spikes that are much higher than the input voltage. If these spikes exceed the regulators maximum voltage (36V), the regulator can be destroyed. In our tests with typical power leads (~30 test clips), input voltages above 20V caused spikes over 36V.

If you are connecting more than 20V or your power leads or supply has high inductance, we recommend soldering a 33F or larger electrolytic capacitor close to the regulator between VIN and GND. The capacitor should be rated for at least 50V.

More information about LC spikes can be found in our application note, Understanding Destructive LC Voltage Spikes.

Resources

• Intersil ISL85410 regulator datasheet
• Schematic
• Dimensions
• 3D model
• Drill Guide

Package Contents

• 1x Pololu 5V 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator
• 1x 5×1 straight male header strip
• 1x 5×1 right-angle male header strip